¹[It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—

(a)to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;

(b)to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;

(c)to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;

(d)to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

(e)to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f)to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

(g)to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;

(h)to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i)to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

(j)to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; ]

(k)²[who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.]